webpack · alexander-akait · Jun 17, 2026 · Jun 16, 2026 · Jun 16, 2026 · Jun 16, 2026
diff --git a/.changeset/css-parser-hoist-regex-release-comments.md b/.changeset/css-parser-hoist-regex-release-comments.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"webpack": patch
+---
+
+Reduce CSS parser CPU (hoisted per-call regexes, byte-compared `@container` pure-mode keywords) and stop retaining parsed comments on the reused parser instance between modules.
diff --git a/lib/css/CssParser.js b/lib/css/CssParser.js
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ const CC_LEFT_CURLY = "{".charCodeAt(0);
 
 // A parsed CSS comment. `loc` is computed on demand — only magic-comment error
 // warnings read it, so comment-heavy CSS skips the per-comment line/col work.
-// Comments are kept in a flat `this.comments` side array (not AST nodes); `loc` is derived lazily via `rangeLoc` only where needed (magic-comment errors).
+// Comments are kept in a flat per-parse `comments` side array (not AST nodes); `loc` is derived lazily via `rangeLoc` only where needed (magic-comment errors).
 /** @typedef {{ value: string, range: Range }} Comment */
 
 // Newlines (CSS Syntax 3 §3.3) — listed explicitly since there's no preprocessing stage.
@@ -97,6 +97,11 @@ const CSS_COMMENT = /\/\*((?!\*\/)[\s\S]*?)\*\//g;
 // `@value` recognizers (postcss-modules-values shape): the import form `<names> from <source>`, and the `<importName> as <localName>` alias inside it.
 const VALUE_IMPORT_FORM = /from(\/\*|\s)(?:[\s\S]+)$/i;
 const VALUE_AS_ALIAS = /\s+as\s+/;
+// `@value name value`: end of the name run (first non-space followed by space).
+const VALUE_NAME_BOUNDARY = /\S\s/;
+const ONLY_WHITESPACE = /^\s+$/;
+// Relative request prefix (`./` or `../`) — `isSelfReferenceRequest` per `from`.
+const RELATIVE_REQUEST = /^\.{1,2}\//;
 
 /**
  * Returns matches.
@@ -518,6 +523,26 @@ const skipWhiteLine = (input, pos) => {
 	return pos;
 };
 
+/**
+ * Whether the ident byte-range is a `@container` prelude keyword (`none`/`and`/`or`/`not`, lowercase only) — byte comparison avoids slicing a transient string per prelude ident.
+ * @param {string} input source
+ * @param {number} start start offset
+ * @param {number} end end offset
+ * @returns {boolean} true for a container keyword
+ */
+const isContainerKeyword = (input, start, end) => {
+	switch (end - start) {
+		case 2:
+			return input.startsWith("or", start);
+		case 3:
+			return input.startsWith("and", start) || input.startsWith("not", start);
+		case 4:
+			return input.startsWith("none", start);
+		default:
+			return false;
+	}
+};
+
 /**
  * @param {string} input source
  * @param {number} pos position
@@ -637,13 +662,16 @@ const parseValueAtRuleParams = (str) => {
 		value = str.slice(idx + 1);
 	} else {
 		const mask = str.replace(CSS_COMMENT, (m) => " ".repeat(m.length));
-		const idx = mask.search(/\S\s/) + 1;
+		const idx = mask.search(VALUE_NAME_BOUNDARY) + 1;
 
 		localName = str.slice(0, idx).replace(CSS_COMMENT, "").trim();
 		value = str.slice(idx + (str[idx] === " " ? 1 : 0));
 	}
 
-	if (value.length > 0 && !/^\s+$/.test(value.replace(CSS_COMMENT, ""))) {
+	if (
+		value.length > 0 &&
+		!ONLY_WHITESPACE.test(value.replace(CSS_COMMENT, ""))
+	) {
 		value = value.trim();
 	}
 
@@ -794,8 +822,6 @@ class CssParser extends Parser {
 			grid: true,
 			...options
 		};
-		/** @type {Comment[] | undefined} */
-		this.comments = undefined;
 		this.magicCommentContext = createMagicCommentContext();
 	}
 
@@ -856,8 +882,9 @@ class CssParser extends Parser {
 			source = source.slice(1);
 		}
 
-		// Reset per-parse — parser instances are reused across modules.
-		this.comments = [];
+		// Per-parse comment side-array — kept local (like HtmlParser) so nothing is retained on the reused parser instance between modules.
+		/** @type {Comment[]} */
+		const comments = [];
 
 		const module = state.module;
 
@@ -921,7 +948,7 @@ class CssParser extends Parser {
 		 * @returns {boolean} true if request resolves to the current module
 		 */
 		const isSelfReferenceRequest = (request) => {
-			if (!/^\.{1,2}\//.test(request)) return false;
+			if (!RELATIVE_REQUEST.test(request)) return false;
 			if (!module.context) return false;
 			const parsedRequest = parseResource(request);
 			if (parsedRequest.query !== parsedModuleResource.query) return false;
@@ -993,7 +1020,7 @@ class CssParser extends Parser {
 		 * @returns {boolean} true when `webpackIgnore: true`
 		 */
 		const webpackIgnored = (range, warnStart, warnEnd) => {
-			const { options, errors } = this.parseCommentOptions(range);
+			const { options, errors } = parseCommentOptions(range);
 			if (errors) {
 				for (const e of errors) {
 					state.module.addWarning(
@@ -1217,15 +1244,14 @@ class CssParser extends Parser {
 			modeData ? modeData === "local" : mode === "local";
 
 		/**
-		 * Comment callback: push every comment-token (in source order) onto `this.comments`, read back by `advanceCommentCursor` (pure-mode flags) and `parseCommentOptions` (magic comments).
+		 * Comment callback: push every comment-token (in source order) onto the local `comments`, read back by `advanceCommentCursor` (pure-mode flags) and `parseCommentOptions` (magic comments).
 		 * @param {string} input input
 		 * @param {number} start start
 		 * @param {number} end end
 		 * @returns {number} end
 		 */
 		const comment = (input, start, end) => {
-			if (!this.comments) this.comments = [];
-			this.comments.push({
+			comments.push({
 				value: input.slice(start + 2, end - 2),
 				range: [start, end]
 			});
@@ -1240,16 +1266,98 @@ class CssParser extends Parser {
 			let cursor = 0;
 			/** @param {number} until source position to advance the cursor to */
 			return (until) => {
-				if (!pure.enabled || !this.comments) return;
-				while (cursor < this.comments.length) {
-					const c = this.comments[cursor];
+				if (!pure.enabled) return;
+				while (cursor < comments.length) {
+					const c = comments[cursor];
 					if (c.range[1] > until) return;
 					pure.applyComment(c.value);
 					cursor++;
 				}
 			};
 		})();
 
+		const magicCommentContext = this.magicCommentContext;
+
+		/**
+		 * Comments fully inside `range`, via binary search over the source-ordered `comments`.
+		 * @param {Range} range range
+		 * @returns {Comment[]} comments in the range
+		 */
+		const getComments = (range) => {
+			// No comments: skip the binary search + result-array allocation (the common case — most CSS has no magic comments).
+			if (comments.length === 0) return [];
+			const [start, end] = range;
+			let idx = binarySearchBounds.ge(comments, start, compareCommentStart);
+			/** @type {Comment[]} */
+			const commentsInRange = [];
+			while (comments[idx] && comments[idx].range[1] <= end) {
+				commentsInRange.push(comments[idx]);
+				idx++;
+			}
+			return commentsInRange;
+		};
+
+		/**
+		 * Parse webpack magic-comment options from any comment inside `range`.
+		 * @param {Range} range range of the comment
+		 * @returns {{ options: Record<string, EXPECTED_ANY> | null, errors: (Error & { comment: Comment })[] | null }} result
+		 */
+		const parseCommentOptions = (range) => {
+			const found = getComments(range);
+			if (found.length === 0) {
+				return EMPTY_COMMENT_OPTIONS;
+			}
+			/** @type {Record<string, EXPECTED_ANY>} */
+			const options = {};
+			/** @type {(Error & { comment: Comment })[]} */
+			const errors = [];
+			for (const c of found) {
+				const { value } = c;
+				if (value && webpackCommentRegExp.test(value)) {
+					// Fast path for the common `webpackXxx: <bool|number|null>` pair, keeping it out of `vm.runInContext`.
+					const fast = MAGIC_COMMENT_FAST_PATH.exec(value);
+					if (fast !== null) {
+						const key = fast[1];
+						const raw = fast[2];
+						options[key] =
+							raw === "true"
+								? true
+								: raw === "false"
+									? false
+									: raw === "null"
+										? null
+										: Number(raw);
+						continue;
+					}
+					// try compile only if webpack options comment is present
+					try {
+						for (let [key, val] of Object.entries(
+							vm.runInContext(
+								`(function(){return {${value}};})()`,
+								magicCommentContext
+							)
+						)) {
+							if (typeof val === "object" && val !== null) {
+								val =
+									val.constructor.name === "RegExp"
+										? new RegExp(val)
+										: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(val));
+							}
+							options[key] = val;
+						}
+					} catch (err) {
+						const newErr = new Error(
+							String(/** @type {Error} */ (err).message)
+						);
+						newErr.stack = String(/** @type {Error} */ (err).stack);
+						Object.assign(newErr, { comment: c });
+						errors.push(/** @type {(Error & { comment: Comment })} */ (newErr));
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return { options, errors };
+		};
+
 		// CSS modules stuff
 
 		/**
@@ -2937,8 +3045,6 @@ class CssParser extends Parser {
 			isCounterStyle,
 			isContainer
 		) => {
-			/** @type {RegExp | null} */
-			const identSkip = isContainer ? /^(none|and|or|not)$/ : null;
 			const acceptIdent = isKeyframes || isCounterStyle || isContainer;
 			const acceptString = isKeyframes;
 			for (const cv of at.prelude) {
@@ -2949,8 +3055,9 @@ class CssParser extends Parser {
 				}
 				if (cv.type === NodeType.Ident) {
 					if (!acceptIdent) break;
-					const text = source.slice(cv.start, cv.end);
-					if (identSkip && identSkip.test(text)) continue;
+					if (isContainer && isContainerKeyword(source, cv.start, cv.end)) {
+						continue;
+					}
 					pure.markLocal();
 					break;
 				}
@@ -3527,90 +3634,6 @@ class CssParser extends Parser {
 
 		return state;
 	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns comments in the range.
-	 * @param {Range} range range
-	 * @returns {Comment[]} comments in the range
-	 */
-	getComments(range) {
-		const comments = /** @type {Comment[]} */ (this.comments);
-		// No comments: skip the binary search + result-array allocation entirely
-		// (the common case — most CSS has no magic comments).
-		if (!comments || comments.length === 0) return [];
-		const [start, end] = range;
-		let idx = binarySearchBounds.ge(comments, start, compareCommentStart);
-		/** @type {Comment[]} */
-		const commentsInRange = [];
-		while (
-			comments[idx] &&
-			/** @type {Range} */ (comments[idx].range)[1] <= end
-		) {
-			commentsInRange.push(comments[idx]);
-			idx++;
-		}
-
-		return commentsInRange;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Parses comment options.
-	 * @param {Range} range range of the comment
-	 * @returns {{ options: Record<string, EXPECTED_ANY> | null, errors: (Error & { comment: Comment })[] | null }} result
-	 */
-	parseCommentOptions(range) {
-		const comments = this.getComments(range);
-		if (comments.length === 0) {
-			return EMPTY_COMMENT_OPTIONS;
-		}
-		/** @type {Record<string, EXPECTED_ANY>} */
-		const options = {};
-		/** @type {(Error & { comment: Comment })[]} */
-		const errors = [];
-		for (const comment of comments) {
-			const { value } = comment;
-			if (value && webpackCommentRegExp.test(value)) {
-				// Fast path for the common `webpackXxx: <bool|number|null>` pair, keeping it out of `vm.runInContext`.
-				const fast = MAGIC_COMMENT_FAST_PATH.exec(value);
-				if (fast !== null) {
-					const key = fast[1];
-					const raw = fast[2];
-					options[key] =
-						raw === "true"
-							? true
-							: raw === "false"
-								? false
-								: raw === "null"
-									? null
-									: Number(raw);
-					continue;
-				}
-				// try compile only if webpack options comment is present
-				try {
-					for (let [key, val] of Object.entries(
-						vm.runInContext(
-							`(function(){return {${value}};})()`,
-							this.magicCommentContext
-						)
-					)) {
-						if (typeof val === "object" && val !== null) {
-							val =
-								val.constructor.name === "RegExp"
-									? new RegExp(val)
-									: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(val));
-						}
-						options[key] = val;
-					}
-				} catch (err) {
-					const newErr = new Error(String(/** @type {Error} */ (err).message));
-					newErr.stack = String(/** @type {Error} */ (err).stack);
-					Object.assign(newErr, { comment });
-					errors.push(/** @type {(Error & { comment: Comment })} */ (newErr));
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		return { options, errors };
-	}
 }
 
 module.exports = CssParser;
diff --git a/test/configCases/css/pure-container-keywords/index.js b/test/configCases/css/pure-container-keywords/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import * as style from "./style.module.css";
+
+it("should export @container names as locals in pure mode", () => {
+	expect(typeof style.box).toBe("string");
+	expect(typeof style.xy).toBe("string");
+	expect(typeof style.abc).toBe("string");
+	expect(typeof style.wrap).toBe("string");
+	expect(typeof style.sidebar).toBe("string");
+});
diff --git a/test/configCases/css/pure-container-keywords/style.module.css b/test/configCases/css/pure-container-keywords/style.module.css
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+.box {
+	color: red;
+}
+
+/* `@container` names of length 2/3/4/7 each exercise one arm of the parser's
+   container-keyword byte check (a name is the first prelude ident). */
+@container xy (min-width: 100px) {
+	.box {
+		color: blue;
+	}
+}
+
+@container abc (min-width: 100px) {
+	.box {
+		color: green;
+	}
+}
+
+@container wrap (min-width: 100px) {
+	.box {
+		color: pink;
+	}
+}
+
+@container sidebar (min-width: 100px) {
+	.box {
+		color: black;
+	}
+}
+
+/* A non-fast-path magic comment (multiple keys, regex + object values) drives
+   the `vm.runInContext` parse path; `webpackIgnore: true` keeps the URL as-is. */
+.icon {
+	background: /* webpackIgnore: true, re: /x/, obj: { y: 1 } */ url("https://github.com/webpack/webpack/pull/21202/"./ignored.png"");
+}